Recommendation for DVD-Video Karaoke

The application format for Karaoke usage, which is defined in DVD Specifications for Read-Only Disc Part3 VIDEO SPECIFICATIONS, is specified so as to realize many functions which are specific to Karaoke application of DVD-Video. WG1 of DVD Forum introduces following guides as a recommendation for DVD-Video Karaoke (hereinafter, "the Recommendation"), in order for manufacturers to utilize the Karaoke application sufficiently.

The Recommendation can never be useful and effective without the combination of DVD-Video Karaoke Disc and DVD-Video Karaoke Player which are both in compliance with the Recommendation. We entreat you to consider it to encourage the prosperity of the DVD-Video Karaoke. Regarding the details of the DVD-Video format, we recommend to refer to the "DVD Specifications for Read-Only Disc Part3: VIDEO SPECIFICATIONS" by DVD Forum.

The Recommendation is intended for AC-3 and/or Linear PCM. It is feasible to apply to other coding modes, however, some more recommendations are required for the actual usage. DVD Forum is willing to prepare them according to the requests in the market.

Index

Chapter 1: Terminology.....................................................................3

Chapter 1: Terminology

The Recommendation defines following terms for DVD-Video Karaoke Disc, DVD-Video Karaoke Player, and the Player’s function.

• DVD Karaoke ID Disc
  
  [This term means a DVD-Video Karaoke disc in compliance with the Recommendation.]

• DVD Karaoke ID Player
  
  [This term means a DVD-Video Karaoke player in compliance with the Recommendation. In the Recommendation, DVD-Video player without Karaoke function is called a DVD-Video Player.]

• Karaoke ID mode
  
  [This term means the reservation/playback function for Karaoke Songs. It is required that this function be implemented on the DVD Karaoke ID Player, and be valid only for the presentation of Karaoke songs on the DVD Karaoke ID Disc.]

  In addition, we request that a Karaoke disc complying with the Recommendation and a Karaoke player complying with the Recommendation describe their compliance on the jacket/booklet or the operation manual.

  The following indicate terms related with a Karaoke song, referred by the Recommendation.

• Guide melody
  
  [This term means a music portion performing Guide melody component of a Karaoke song with musical instruments. Guide melody is the instruction of singing the song.]

• Guide vocal
  
  [This term means a music portion singing the vocal part of a Karaoke song as a practical model. In case that only one Guide vocal exists as an independent channel separated from L/R in a solo Karaoke song composed of multi-channels, this term is called Guide vocal 1 (GV1). On the other hand, in case that two Guide vocals exist as independent channels separated from L/R in a duet Karaoke song, these terms are called Guide vocal 1 (GV1) and Guide vocal 2 (GV2) respectively.]

Chapter 2: Recommendation on the structure of DVD Karaoke ID Disc

The followidng shows the recommendation on DVD Karaoke ID Disc.

• Disc ID requires being described contiguously from MSB as shown in the following table. No "space" is allowed.

[A disc on which the Disc ID is described indicates the disc in compliance with the Recommendation, and hereinafter, is called " DVD Karaoke ID Disc".]

2.2 VTS

• Application type of each VTS containing Karaoke songs requires being set to ‘0001b’.

[In the Recommendation, the VTS of which Application type is set to ‘0001b’ is called "Karaoke VTS".]

• DVD Karaoke ID Disc requires including one or more Karaoke VTSs

• VTS numbers for Karaoke VTS require being assigned continuous natural numbers starting with ‘1’.

• DVD Karaoke ID Disc may contain VTSs except for Karaoke VTS. The VTS numbers require being also assigned continuous natural numbers starting with the last Karaoke VTS number plus one.

The following table shows the structure of a DVD Karaoke ID Disc containing four Karaoke VTSs and another VTS as an example.

2.3 Title structure

• One Karaoke song requires being One_Sequential_PGC Title.

• Title numbers for Karaoke songs require being assigned continuous natural numbers starting with ‘1’.
  
  [A DVD Karaoke ID Disc may contain 99 Karaoke songs in a Volume at the maximum. In the Recommendation, each Karaoke song stored in DVD Karaoke ID Disc is called "Karaoke Title".]

• DVD Karaoke ID Disc may also contain Titles except for Karaoke Titles. Their Title numbers require being assigned continuous natural numbers starting with the last Karaoke Title number plus one.

The following table shows Title structure of a DVD Karaoke ID Disc containing seven Karaoke Titles and another Title as an example. Each Karaoke Title belongs to one of five Karaoke VTSs and another one belongs to other VTS (non-Karaoke VTS) as shown in the following table.

2.4 Audio stream

A Karaoke Title requires having either of the following two types of audio stream that enable Guide vocal mixing-function (Guide vocal mixing ON/OFF) or the combination of them.

1. Channel-mixing type:

An audio stream of this type is composed of three or more channels of which Guide vocal is recorded as an independent channel separated from L/R channel in the stream. This type realizes Guide vocal mixing-function mixing L/R ch with the independent channel.

2. Stream-changing type:

The following are some recommended formations (: patterns) for the audio stream of Karaoke Title. One Karaoke Title may contain 8 streams at the maximum, but it may not contain different Audio streams from the above two types. Audio stream numbers for Karaoke Titles requires being always assigned continuous natural numbers starting with ‘1’.

(Note) The following pattern numbers and their structure are commonly used in the Recommendation.

Pattern1: Channel-mixing type

A Karaoke Title contains at least one audio stream of Channel-mixing type as follows:

• The audio stream requires being composed of three or more channels of which Guide vocal is recorded as an independent channel separated from L/R channel in the stream, and the audio stream number requires being set to ‘1’. Each audio stream may contain the five channels at the maximum.
  
  

Audio stream No.	Type of audio stream	Structure
#1	Channel-mixing	Multi-channel composed of 3 or more channels Guide vocal is recorded as an independent channel separated from L/R.

• When a Karaoke Title contains plural audio streams of this type, their audio stream numbers require being assigned continuous natural numbers starting with ‘1’.
  
  [The terms of Guide vocal 1 (GV1)/Guide vocal 2 (GV2) defined in Chapter 1 are applied to corresponding channel in an audio stream of this type respectively. Figure 1 shows a generic case composed of 5 channels for AC-3 audio stream. In addition, this figure also covers how the audio stream is presented by DVD Karaoke ID Player or by DVD-Video Player, for reference.]

Fig. 1: An example of the audio stream for Channel-mixing type 5ch
Audio stream coded by AC-3 and Player’s output
Note: As for each mixing-coefficient value in theAC-3 bit stream, please refer to 2.8.

Pattern 2: Stream-changing type

A Karaoke Title contains at least two kinds of audio stream composed of 2ch (stereo) as follows:

• Audio stream number of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal requires being set to ‘l’, and that of Stream-changing type with Guide vocal requires being set to ‘2’.

[When Karaoke Title contains three or more audio streams of Stream-changing type, the audio stream numbers of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal require being assigned continuous natural numbers starting with 1’. Those of Stream-changing type with Guide vocal require being also assigned continuous natural numbers starting with the last audio stream number of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal plus one.]

Pattern 3: Combination of Channel-mixing type and Stream-changing type

A Karaoke Title contains at least both an audio stream of Channel-mixing type and an audio stream of Stream-changing type with Guide vocal as follows:

• The audio stream number of Channel-mixing type requires being set to ‘1’ and that of Stream-changing type requires being set to ‘2’.

[This structure composed of above two streams realizes following two ways of Guide vocal reproduction: One method is mixing L/R with Guide vocal while audio stream #1 is reproduced, and the other is changing audio stream, to be reproduced, from #1 to #2.]

• When a Karaoke Title contains three or more audio streams of both Channel-mixing type and Stream-changing type, audio stream numbers of Channel-mixing type require being assigned continuous natural numbers starting with ‘1’. Those of Stream-changing type require being also assigned continuous natural numbers starting with the last audio stream number of Channel-mixing type plus one.

[Pattern 3 does not require audio streams of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal. Following table shows the structure of this pattern as an example. When this pattern includes audio streams of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal, audio stream numbers require being assigned continuous natural numbers according to following orders. First, audio streams of Channel-mixing type, second, those of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal, and finally, those of Stream-changing type with Guide vocal.]

2.5 Attribute and Multi-channel extension

2.5.1 Audio stream attribute

A Karaoke Title in DVD Karaoke ID Disc may contain 8 Audio streams at the maximum as same as DVD-Video Disc. The area describing the information on structure and specification of Audio stream is VTS_AST_ATR. VTS_AST_ATR requires being described for every Audio stream, and flags specific to DVD-Video Karaoke application in VTS_AST_ATR require being described as follows:

• Audio coding mode: Means Audio coding system applied to the audio stream. It requires being set to ‘000b’ when AC-3 is applied, or being set to ‘100b’ when LPCM is applied.
  [Liner PCM may be applied to only Karaoke Title of that audio stream type is Stream-changing.]

• Multi channel extension: Means whether the information area of Multi channel extension which is for describing the channel structure of each audio stream exists or not. It requires being set to ‘1b’ for the audio stream of Channel-mixing type and that of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal, and requires being set to ‘0b’ for the audio stream of Stream-changing type with Guide vocal.

• Audio type: Means whether Language code is applied to the audio stream or not. Requires being set to ‘00b’ when Language code is not applied.

• Audio application mode: Means the usage of the audio stream. It requires being set to ‘01b’ for the audio streams of Channel-mixing type and of Stream-changing type without Guide vocal, and requires being set to ‘00b’ for the audio streams of Stream-changing type with Guide vocal.

The following show examples of description of Multi channel extension and Audio application in each pattern.

Pattern 1:

• #1: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘01b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘1b’.

Pattern 2:

• #1: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘01b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘1b’.
• #2: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘00b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘0b’.

Pattern 3:

• #1: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘01b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘1b’.
• #2: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘00b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘0b’.

• #1: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘01b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘1b’.
• #2: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘01b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘1b’.
• #3: Audio application mode requires being set to ‘00b’ and Multi channel extension requires being set to ‘0b’.

Number of Audio channels: Indicates the number of channels in the audio stream. It requires being set as the following table:

• Application Information: Describes following information related with the audio stream for Karaoke usage.

• Channel assignment mode: Indicates the channel structure of the audio stream. It requires being described according to AC-3 ATSC Standard: ANNEX-C AC-3 KARAOKE MODE, when AC-3 is applied to the stream.

[M, V1, and V2 described in the following table are the description methods based on ANNEX-C AC-3 KARAOKE MODE. M means the channel mainly for Guide melody, and it corresponds to the Center channel in a normal AC-3 stream. V1/V2 mean the channel mainly for Guide vocal and they correspond to Rear L/R channel in a normal AC-3 stream, respectively. The following table shows the relation between Channel assignment mode and M/V1/V2, and also shows, as reference, how M/V1/V2 are reproduced by DVD-Video Player.]

• Version number: Requires being normally set to ‘00b’(Version number is ‘1’.)

• MC intro.: Requires being normally set to ‘0b’ (Intro.-part is not included.). Only when the audio stream includes the Intro-part which introduces the Karaoke Title with narration, it is required that this flag be set to ‘1b’.
• Solo/Duet: Requires being set to ‘0b’ for solo Karaoke Titles, and being set to ‘1b’ for duet Karaoke Titles. When the contents of a Karaoke Title is duet, it is required that this flag be set to ‘1b’ regardless of the existence of GV1/GV2 in the stream.

2.5.2 Multi channel extension

DVD-Video format has the structure that may store many kinds of information, related with Karaoke application, for each channel of a Karaoke audio stream (: Audio application mode is set to ‘01b’), and it defines that VTS_MU_AST_ATR may describe what content is recorded in each channel. The following show application rules for VTS_MU_AST_ATR defined in the Recommendation.

• GM: Indicates whether Guide melody is pre-mixed on L/R channel or not. However, it requires being always set to ‘0b’ regardless of the existence of Guide melody on L/R channel.

• GM1, GM2: Indicate whether Guide melody is recorded as M channel (refer to Channel assignment mode) or not, respectively. However, it is required that GM1 be always set to ‘1b’ and GM2 be always set to ‘0b’ when Guide melody is recorded as M channel, regardless of the song type whether it is duet or solo.
• GV1, GV2: Indicate whether Guide vocal is recorded as V1/V2 channel (refer to Channel assignment mode) or not, respectively. It is required that GV1 be set to ‘1b’ and GV2 be set to ‘0b’ when Guide vocal is recorded as V1 channel. Or it is required that GV1 be set to ‘0b’ and GV2 be set to ‘1b’ when Guide vocal is recorded as V2 channel.

• GMA, GMB: Indicate whether Guide melody is pre-mixed on V1/V2 channel or not, respectively. However, it is required that GMA/GMB be always set to ‘0b’ regardless of the existence of Guide vocal on V1/V2 channel.
• SEA, SEB: Indicate whether a special component (effect sound, etc.) is pre-mixed on V1/V2 channel or not, respectively. However, it is required that SEA/SEB be always set to ‘0b’ regardless of the existence of that component on V1/V2 channel.

2.5.3 Examples of description for VTS_AST_ATR and VTS_MU_AST_ATR

The following show practical examples for the description of VTS_AST_ATR and VTS_MU_AST_ATR. In following examples, AC-3 is applied as their audio coding mode.

Pattern 1:

1. 3ch: Channel assignment mode is set to ‘100b’: L,R,V1

Recording area	Recording Field	Flag name						Size of Flag (bit)	Content
VTSI	VTS_AST_ATR	Audio coding mode						3	‘000b’
		Multi channel extension						1	‘1b’
		Audio type						2	‘00b’
		Audio application mode						2	‘01b’
		Number of Audio channels						3	‘010b’
		Application Information		Channel assignment mode				3	‘100b’
				Version number				2	‘00b’
				MC intro.				1	‘0b’
				Solo Duet				1	‘0b’
	VTS_MU_AST_ATR	Audio channel contents
		ACH0	‘0’		‘0’	‘0’	GM	4	‘0000b’
		ACH1	‘0’		‘0’	‘0’	GM	4	‘0000b’
		ACH2	GV1		GV2	GMA	SEA	4	‘1000b’
		ACH3						4
		ACH4						4

2. 4ch: Channel assignment mode is set to ‘101b’: L,R,M,V1

Recording area	Recording Field	Flag name						Size of SFlag (bit)	Content
VTSI	VTS_AST_ATR	Audio coding mode						3	‘000b’
		Multi channel extension						1	‘1b’
		Audio type						2	‘00b’
		Audio application mode						2	‘01b’
		Number of Audio channels						3	‘011b’
		Application Information		Channel assignment mode				3	‘101b’
				Version number				2	‘00b’
				MC intro.				1	‘0b’
				Solo Duet				1	‘0b’
	VTS_MU_AST_ATR	Audio channel contents
		ACH0	‘0’		‘0’	‘0’	GM	4	‘0000b’
		ACH1	‘0’		‘0’	‘0’	GM	4	‘0000b’
		ACH2	GV1		GV2	GM1	GM2	4	‘0010b’
		ACH3	GV1		GV2	GMA	SEA	4	‘1000b’
		ACH4						4

4ch: Channel assignment mode is set to ‘110b’: L,R,V1,V2

Recording area	Recording Field	Flag name						Size of Flag (bit)	Content
VTSI	VTS_AST_ATR	Audio coding mode						3	‘000b’
		Multi channel extension						1	‘1b’
		Audio type						2	‘00b’
		Audio application mode						2	‘01b’
		Number of Audio channels						3	‘011b’
		Application Information		Channel assignment mode				3	‘110b’
				Version number				2	‘00b’
				MC intro.				1	‘0b’
				Solo Duet				1	‘1b’
	VTS_MU_AST_ATR	Audio channel contents
		ACH0	‘0’		‘0’	‘0’	GM	4	‘0000b’
		ACH1	‘0’		‘0’	‘0’	GM	4	‘0000b’
		ACH2	GV1		GV2	GMA	SEA	4	‘1000b’
		ACH3	GV1		GV2	GMB	SEB	4	‘0100b’
		ACH4						4

3. 5ch: Channel assignment mode is set to ‘111b’: L,R,M,V1,V2

Pattern 2:

5. 2ch: The type of Audio stream is Stream-changing.

Audio stream #1:

Audio stream #2:

Pattern 3:

• Requires being set in the same way based on Pattern 1 and 2.

2.6 Cell type

A Karaoke VTS may have the information classifying Cells (Cell type) composed of Karaoke Title. The following show application rules for Cell type defined in the Recommendation.

• When Cell type is applied to Karake Title, it requires being set as follows:

• ‘00010b’: Introduction part
• ‘00011b’: Song part

• ‘00100b’: Climax part : The most famous part in the song (Only one Cell in a song may be set to ‘00100b’..
• ‘01001b’: Interlude part (Instrumental break)
• ‘01100b’: Ending part
• Others: Not applied.

[It is required that at least values of ‘00011b’ and ‘00100b’ be set in a Karaoke Title when Cell type is applied. However, it is also required that Cell type of all Cells in the Title be set to ‘00000b’ when Cell type is not applied.]

2.7 Disc Menu and Navigation Command

There is no specific restriction of Disc Menu and Navigation Command. Disc Menu and Navigation Command may be used for generic DVD-Video Player, which have no Karaoke capability, as a guiding function that enable users to easily play back DVD Karaoke ID Disc with DVD-Video Player. Applying these functions to DVD Karaoke ID Disc, please refer to Chapter 3 that defines functions of DVD Karaoke ID Player and set them.

In addition, when the following restrictions for playback are set up, all Players have to obey them at any kinds of playback stage. Therefore, it is recommended that these restrictions should not be applied to DVD Karaoke ID Disc.

• Access restriction: Requires not being applied.
• User’s operation control (UOP): Requires not being applied.

The selection algorithm for Audio stream defined in DVD-Video format (: Algorithm 1) is always applied to the presentation of DVD Karaoke ID Disc. Therefore, it is required that each Karaoke Title have audio streams consistent with Algorithm 1. Of course, Parental function defined in DVD-Video format is always applied to DVD Karaoke ID Disc, as well. Thus, it is also required that every Karaoe Title have the Parental function consistent with its rule, each other, if Parental control is necessary for Karaoke Titles.

2.8 Karaoke mode for AC-3 bit stream

The following are rules to record AC-3 bit stream for Karaoke Title in DVD Karaoke ID Disc.

• "bsmod " and "acmod" require being set to ‘111b’ and "the value indicating two or more channels", respectively.
  
  [ANNEX-C: AC-3 KARAOKE MODE of Digital Audio Compression AC-3 Standard defines that KARAOKE MODE is valid when "bsmod" and "acmod" which indicate application type and channel structure of the bit stream respectively are set as above. Therefore, even if the original material of a Karaoke Title is composed of monaural channel, the Karaoke Title requires being recorded as a stereo material of which L/R contents are identical.]

• "clev" and "slev" require being set to ‘0.707 (-3dB)’ and ‘-¥ (minus infinitely)’, respecitvely.
  
  [This implementation enables DVD-Video Player to reproduce Karaoke L/R with down-mixed Guide melody and without down-mixed Guide vocal. DVD-Video Player always reproduces 2 ch outputs of AC-3 audio stream according to values of "clev" and "slev" even for Karaoke Title, so it is required that they be set as above.]

• "Dialog Normalization" and "Dynamic Range Compression" require being set to ‘-27 to –31’ and ‘OFF’, respectively.
  
  [When "Dialog Normalization" is especially set to ‘-27’ in the above case, the implementation may theoretically guarantee to secure the headroom of 4 dB for 2ch down-mixed output at the decoding stage even if an original material is encoded as a Karaoke Title including some digital full range portions. This headroom is effective to prevent overflow of digital processing for Key-control or microphone-mixing with echo effect at playback stage. At the recording stage of Karaoke materials, it is required that the level of each channel be set so as to be reproduced according to the following formula.]
  
  
  • Lch output = L + 0.707 *V1 + 0.707*V2 + 0.707*M
  • Rch output = R + 0.707*V1 + 0.707*V2 + 0.707*M

Chapter 3: Recommendation on functions of DVD Karaoke ID Player

The following show the recommended functions of DVD Karaoke ID Player.

DVD Karaoke ID Player means the Player equipped with following two functions: DVD-Video Player Function and DVD Karaoke Function.

3.1 DVD-Video Player Function

• DVD Karaoke ID Player requires being equipped with all the mandatory functions for DVD-Video Player defined in DVD Specifications for Read-Only Disc Part3 VIDEO SPECIFICATIONS.
  
  [DVD Karaoke ID Player is defined as one of the application of DVD-Video Player. Therefore, DVD Karaoke ID Player requires being equipped with all the mandatory functions defined in DVD Specifications for Read-Only Disc Part3 VIDEO SPECIFICATIONS published by DVD Forum. Having all these functions, it may also play back any kinds of DVD-Video discs, such as movie titles. In addition, regarding mandatory functions for DVD-Video Player, please refer to "DVD-Video Software Production Guide Book" published by DVD Forum, too.]

3.2 DVD Karaoke Function

DVD Karaoke ID Player requires being equipped with two kinds of function as follows:

• Karaoke mixing function: Means the function to mix (ON/OFF) Guide vocal and/or Guide melody with L/R ch according to user’s operation, freely, while an Audio stream of Channel-mixing type is present.
  
  [It is recommended that the center levels of mixing function for both Guide melody and Guide vocal should be set to ‘0.707’, which are consistent with values recommended in Clause 2.8. Moreover, DVD Karaoke ID Player may also be equipped with the function to mix linearly and freely Guide melody and /or Guide vocal with L/R ch as an optional function.]

• Karaoke ID mode: Means the function to reserve the playback order of Karaoke Titles according to user’s selection and to play back each Karaoke song according to the order.
  
  [Refer to the next clause for the details.]

3.3 Karaoke ID mode

Karaoke ID mode is the special function that is valid on playing back each Karaoke Title only, and it works on the reservation of playback order shown as follows:

1. Designation function of playback order

• Playback of all Karaoke Titles: Designates the playback of all Karaoke Tiltles in numerical order.
  
  [It can be equipped as the function being valid for all Karaoke Titles of plural DVD Karaoke ID Discs.]

• Reservation: Enables user to reserve one or more Karaoke Titles to be played back and to reserve its playback order.
  
  [It can be equipped as the reserve function to each Karaoke Tiltles of plural DVD Karaoke ID Discs.]

2. Playback function (In case that Karaoke ID mode is valid)

• This is the function that enable to play back all Karaoke Titles or selected ones in designated order. In case that Karaoke-ID mode is valid, it plays back the Karaoke Titles in user’s designated order regardless of existence of the playback order which is already set up on the disc like the Navigation Command or FPPGC (First Play PGC).
  
  [To the Karaoke Titles of that Access restriction and UOP is already set up, the whole of the function in Karaoke-ID mode is not necessary guaranteed. Hence, as described on Clause 2.7, the Recommendation recommends NOT to set up them. Besides, the functions of Title selection and Audio stream selection in each Title work according to Parental control rule and Audio stream selection rule (Algorithm #1). Thus, Clause 2.7 recommends to set up the Parental control and Audio streams for each Karaoke Title being consistent with their rules respectively.]

• In case that Karaoke ID mode is invalid, the DVD Karaoke ID Player requires working as a DVD-Video Player. Therefore, it works according to Navigation commands and FPPGC, if exist, which designate the playback manner even for the playback of DVD Karaoke ID Discs.

3. Other functions for Karaoke ID mode
   
   The following indicate other functions regarding Karaoke ID mode.

• A DVD Karaoke ID Player requires being equipped with the function to on/off Karaoke ID mode at least at STOP-State.
• A DVD Karaoke ID Player may also be equipped with following optional functions effective when Karaoke ID mode is valid.

• Repeat: Means the function to play back the whole of or a part of Karaoke Title repeatedly.

• SKIP: Means the function to skip to the next Karaoke Title according to the order reserved by the user.
• FF/FR: Means the function to fast forward/fast reverse the playback within a Karaoke Title.

Note

A certain amount of DVD Karaoke disc which are not in compliance with this recommendation still remain in the Japanese market.

In this regard, some discs might be unable to playback on account of its supposed data structure.

As to information on the structure of DVD Karaoke disc which has been released in the Japanese market before this recommendation, we would like you to inquire of RIAJ.

Reference:
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,
RECORDING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN (: RIAJ)
TEL: +81-3-3541-4411
FAX: +81-3-3541-4815

____________________________________________________
Copyright© 2004, the DVD Forum | All Rights Reserved